What is instrumental hedonism?
Instrumental Hedonist Orientation. What is Moral: Whatever satisfies one’s own needs & occasionally needs of others. Any behavior is good if outcome is advantageous to self.
What is naive hedonistic and instrumental orientation?
This level is divided into two stages: the earlier punishment and obedience orientation (Stage 1 in Kohlberg’s overall theory), in which moral behavior is that which avoids punishment; and the later naive hedonism (or instrumental relativist orientation; Stage 2), in which moral behavior is that which obtains reward or …
What is instrumental exchange?
The person integrates or relates conflicting individual interests to one another through instrumental exchange of services, through instrumental need for the other and the other’s goodwill, or through fairness giving each person the same amount.
What are some example of Preconventional morality?
Preconventional morality – young children under the age of 9
The first stage highlights the self-interest of children in their decision making as they seek to avoid punishment at all costs. In relation to our example above, the man should not steal the medication from the pharmacy as he may go to jail if he is caught.
What does Preconventional mean?
Adjective. preconventional (not comparable) (ethics) Belonging to the earliest of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, focusing on self-interest and on obedience for the sake of avoiding punishment.
Has been instrumental meaning?
If someone or something is instrumental in a process, plan, or system, that person or thing is one of the most important influences in causing it to happen: She was instrumental in bringing about the prison reform act. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases.
What is instrumental morality?
As indicated, the instrumental approach to morality assumes that agents agree with social moral rules only if they consider these rules to be beneficial for them based on their interests, whatever their interests may be.
How many stages are there in Kohlberg’s theory?
six stages
The framework of Kohlberg’s theory consists of six stages arranged sequentially in successive tiers of complexity. He organized his six stages into three general levels of moral development.
What is morality according to Kohlberg?
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg’s theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.
What is Stage 1 of pre conventional?
Level 1: Preconventional
Throughout the preconventional level, a child’s sense of morality is externally controlled. Children accept and believe the rules of authority figures, such as parents and teachers.
What happens during the conventional stage?
The conventional level is the second stage and occurs during adolescence and adulthood. During this stage individuals begin to develop personal moral codes by internalizing the rules of adult role models. There is no questioning of these norms and rules during this stage, they are adopted and not critiqued.
What are the 6 stages of Kohlberg?
Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development
- The full story. …
- Stage 1: Obedience and punishment. …
- Stage 2: Self-interest. …
- Stage 3: Interpersonal accord and conformity. …
- Stage 4: Authority and maintaining social order. …
- Stage 5: Social contract. …
- Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. …
- Pre-conventional level.
What does conventional mean in psychology?
Conventional. The conventional level of moral reasoning is typical of adolescents and adults. To reason in a conventional way is to judge the morality of actions by comparing them to society’s views and expectations. The conventional level consists of the third and fourth stages of moral development.
What is conventional moral reasoning?
Conventional moral reasoning is the second of three levels of moral reasoning in Kohlberg’s Structural Theory of Moral Development, where people have internalized the rules and expectations of those closest to them and generally make moral judgments based on the norms and expectations of their reference group (e.g., …
What is the difference between critical and conventional morality?
Critical morality – does not have its origin in social agreements, (2) is untainted by mistaken beliefs, irrationality, or popular prejudices and (3) can serve as the true standard for determining when conventional morality has got it right and when it has fallen into error.
What is the main focus of people in the conventional morality stage?
Conventional morality is the stage where most adolescents and adults frame their moral behavior. While pre-conventional morality is completely focused on the self, conventional morality understands the importance of others and the basic principles of respect, fairness, and agency.
What age is post-conventional morality?
5.12: Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
| Age | Moral Level |
|---|---|
| Young children- usually prior to age 9 | Preconventional morality |
| Older children, adolescents, and most adults | Conventional morality |
| Rare with adolescents and few adults | Postconventional morality |
What stage do most adults reach According to Kohlberg?
postconventional level
Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the postconventional level of morality.
What ages did Kohlberg study?
By studying the answers from children of different ages to these questions, Kohlberg hoped to discover how moral reasoning changed as people grew older. The sample comprised 72 Chicago boys aged 10–16 years, 58 of whom were followed up at three-yearly intervals for 20 years (Kohlberg, 1984).